A common question regarding the Bernoulli principle is this: why are curved wings important? Well, according to Henri Coanda (1886-1972). You might also notice that some airplanes have curved wings. Air presses against the plane equally in all directions, with this pressure decreasing as the plane’s speed increases - which is defined as the Bernoulli principle! When applied to a flying airplane, the static pressure would be what we’d have when the plane is flying with the wind, instead of against it. ![]() In that example, we see that there are two types of pressure: static pressure and total (or ram) pressure. In the hallway, the net speed of the group was greater than zero and the pressure was much lower than in the room. When we apply concepts from physics to these groups of people, we can see that in the closed room, the overall (net) speed was zero, and the pressure (shown by the rate of collisions) was quite high. Now if we have the same amount of people running in one direction down a hall, there will be fewer and less intense collisions. With so many people going different ways, they’re bound to collide with each other - and the walls - multiple times. Imagine a room full of people running around in different directions. Let’s take a look at this principle in a different setting. ![]() This means that airplanes can fly because the pressure above its wing is less than the pressure below its wing. His principle applies to any fluid, and since air is a fluid, this applies to air as well. David Bernoulli (1700-1782) discovered that as the velocity in a fluid increases, its pressure decreases in return. If we take out the tension force of the line, we can apply this concept to an airplane!Īnother theory of interest involves motion in a fluid. When this happens, the forces are no longer balanced and there is a net - or total - vertical force applied on the kite, and in return, it moves vertically instead of staying in one place. If the wind outside picks up, the kite’s altitude will increase (if you let out a bit more of its controlling line), causing the lift and drag forces to increase as well. When all of these forces balance out, the kite flies at a stable altitude, or height in the air. We can see another good example of this law in kites, where the forces acting on them include their own weight, the lift and drag (a force that works opposite of a moving object’s lift), and the tension in the line connecting the kite to you. As this law suggests, the wings of an airplane must do something to the air to make it react and push the plane up - we call this lift. Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) is well known for his discovery of the law of gravity, but he also discovered the Laws of Motion, one of which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. ![]() The first theory we’ll look at is this: airplanes can fly because their wings make the air deflect downward, which lifts the plane as it is forced upward.
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